{"id":1920,"date":"2021-06-28T13:13:39","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T18:13:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/?p=1920"},"modified":"2022-01-21T13:19:56","modified_gmt":"2022-01-21T18:19:56","slug":"forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/","title":{"rendered":"The EAC Formula: PMP Questions &#038; Insights into Project Budgets"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Project Management Institute (PMI)\u2019s Project Management Professional (PMP)\u00ae certification exam may include questions about, or be driven by, the Estimate at Completion (EAC) formula. Often referred to informally as \u201cEAC Formula PMP,\u201d in fact the tool is more than just a reference point for PMP\u00ae exam questions. It is a calculation that incorporates actual costs and remaining costs to provide insights into the status and future of a project budget. The EAC calculation provides \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wrike.com\/project-management-guide\/faq\/what-is-eac-in-project-management\/\">a more dynamic picture of the project budget<\/a>\u201d for project managers with projects in progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>On this page:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#understanding\">Understanding EAC, ETC, and AC for Project Management<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#actual-cost\">Actual Cost (AC)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#eac\">Estimate at Completion (EAC)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#eac-formulas\">Estimate at Completion (EAC) Formulas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#etc\">Estimate to Completion (ETC)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#eac-calculation-example\">Example of EAC Calculation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#eac-and-etc-in-project-management\">EAC and ETC in Project Management<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#need-to-know\">Need to Know for the PMP\u00ae Certification Exam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/#sample-eac-questions\">Sample EAC topic PMP\u00ae Certification Exam Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2022\/01\/21103157\/PMP-Formula-Cheat-Sheet-809x1024.png\" alt=\"PMP Formula Cheat Sheet\" class=\"wp-image-4712\" width=\"296\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2022\/01\/21103157\/PMP-Formula-Cheat-Sheet-809x1024.png 809w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2022\/01\/21103157\/PMP-Formula-Cheat-Sheet-237x300.png 237w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2022\/01\/21103157\/PMP-Formula-Cheat-Sheet-768x972.png 768w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2022\/01\/21103157\/PMP-Formula-Cheat-Sheet.png 1010w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div style=\"height:48px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PMP\u00ae Exam Formula Cheat Shee<\/strong>t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-14690051-2796-4b03-bcb7-95d54bd01fcd\"><em><em>Learn how to successfully use project management formulas after reading this cheat shee<\/em>t.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\thbspt.enqueueForm({\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tportalId: 3294842,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tformId: \"730482d7-eef5-49c7-aa16-898785e241ee\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget: \"#hbspt-form-1778297122000-4259606161\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tregion: \"na1\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hbspt-form\" id=\"hbspt-form-1778297122000-4259606161\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"understanding\">Understanding EAC, ETC, and AC for Project Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The PMI\u00ae\u2019s <em>A<\/em> <em>Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge<\/em> (<em>PMBOK<\/em>\u00ae <em>Guide<\/em>) includes the control cost processes which enable forecasting of the project\u2019s completion from a budgetary lens. The Actual Cost (AC), Estimate at Completion (EAC), and Estimate to Completion (ETC) are terms and formulas addressed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/project-management.info\/estimate-at-completion-eac-formulae-examples\/\"><em>PMBOK\u00ae Guide<\/em>, 6<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;edition, p. 263-265<\/a> within the cost control processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104744\/EAC-image.png\" alt=\"Formulas in PMP\" class=\"wp-image-1945\" width=\"187\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104744\/EAC-image.png 378w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104744\/EAC-image-239x300.png 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 187px) 100vw, 187px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Actual Cost (AC): <\/strong>What money has spent on the project so far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Estimate at Completion (EAC): <\/strong>An updated total cost forecast based on the current level of progress made on the project; the estimated time\/money required to complete the project based on the current progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Estimate to Completion (ETC):<\/strong> Expected costs remaining (now until the end); how much time\/money is needed to finish the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"actual-cost\">Actual Cost (AC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Actual Cost, the amount spent on the project to date, should be inclusive of all costs at that moment in time. It is a value used to calculate the Cost Performance Index, Schedule Performance Index, Earned Value, Estimate at Completion, and Estimate to Completion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/11104753\/Actual-Cost-Formula-1024x186.png\" alt=\"Actual Cost\" class=\"wp-image-1281\" width=\"597\" height=\"108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/11104753\/Actual-Cost-Formula-1024x186.png 1024w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/11104753\/Actual-Cost-Formula-300x54.png 300w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/11104753\/Actual-Cost-Formula-768x139.png 768w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/11104753\/Actual-Cost-Formula.png 1378w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Estimate at Completion (EAC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>EAC, and EAC PMP specifically, is a calculation that incorporates the actual costs of work completed on a project with estimated cost to complete. According to the <em>PMBOK\u00ae Guide<\/em>, Estimate at Completion, it provides \u201ca more dynamic picture of the project budget\u201d for those engaged in ongoing projects. EAC can be calculated manually or by using spreadsheet software (e.g., Microsoft`<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many variables in even the most detailed project plan. Depending on your industry, changes in the global supply chain, weather events, or union issues can impact the progress of project work. To that end, the EAC formula to use depends on the situation. In calculating EAC, separate labor and material costs as there are different budgets and management tools for each.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"eac-formulas\">Estimate at Completion (EAC) Formulas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-subtle-pale-blue-background-color has-background\"><tbody><tr><td>Initial estimates wrong or obsolete<\/td><td>Majority of budget accurate despite some changes<\/td><td>Steady progress aligned to the original estimate<\/td><td>Consider cost and schedule for an updated budget forecast<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>       AC + ETC<\/td><td>          AC + BAC \u2013 EV<\/td><td>                BAC \/ CPI<\/td><td>     AC + (BAC-EV) \/ (CPI x SPI)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A new estimate is produced<\/td><td>Future performance will be based on the budgeted cost<\/td><td>Future performance will be the same as past performance<\/td><td>Future cost performance will be influenced by past schedule performance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>AC = Actual Cost, ETC = Estimate to Complete, BAC = Budget at Completion,<br>EV = Earned Value, CPI = Cost Performance Index, SPI = Schedule performance Index<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>`<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"etc\">Estimate to Completion (ETC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Estimate to Complete is the cost to complete the project\u2019s remaining work. It is a forecasting technique. The formula is straightforward mathematically. As with all cost formulas, including both ETC and EAC, the accuracy of the data used in the calculation has a direct impact on the accuracy of the result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28103841\/Estimate-to-Completion-Formula.png\" alt=\"Estimate to Completion Cost\" class=\"wp-image-1941\" width=\"438\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28103841\/Estimate-to-Completion-Formula.png 837w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28103841\/Estimate-to-Completion-Formula-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28103841\/Estimate-to-Completion-Formula-768x245.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"eac-calculation-example\">Example of EAC Calculation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The project manager has done the EAC calculation monthly and knows the project is has experienced some unexpected material costs that delayed work somewhat. To see what impact the changes made since the last EAC work, the Project Manager completes the EAC formula with this information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Budget at Completion&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BAC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $90,000<\/li><li>Earned Value&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $40,000<\/li><li>Actual Cost&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; AC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $60,000<\/li><li>Cost Performance Index&nbsp;&nbsp; CPI&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .533<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>So far, the project has had some changes, but the budget has been pretty close. Thus the [AC + BAC \u2013 EV] formula is used, for future performance based on budgeted cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104031\/Estimate-at-Completion-mostly-on-track-1024x389.png\" alt=\"EAC Formula PMP\" class=\"wp-image-1942\" width=\"532\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104031\/Estimate-at-Completion-mostly-on-track-1024x389.png 1024w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104031\/Estimate-at-Completion-mostly-on-track-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104031\/Estimate-at-Completion-mostly-on-track-768x292.png 768w, https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28104031\/Estimate-at-Completion-mostly-on-track.png 1455w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>At this time, the project manager knows the costs are steadily increasing over budget.&nbsp; Additional changes are needed and other EAC formulas should be used to forecast the estimated cost at completion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"eac-and-etc-in-project-management\">EAC and ETC in Project Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The EAC and ETC are so impactful in project management, that some refer to the tools as \u201cEAC calculation PMP,\u201d \u201cEAC formula PMP,\u201d or sometimes \u201cEAC PMP.\u201d These unofficial names speak to the inclusion of the formulas, and the importance of knowing their use, for the PMP\u00ae certification exam. In terms of practicing project management, EAC and ETC provide insights into the project\u2019s status at a cost and schedule level so that, if done early and done frequently, changes can be made to manage both. One does not need to have a PMP\u00ae certification to know a project being over budget and\/or behind schedule has problems. Using control processes and tools can prevent that situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"need-to-know\">Need to Know for the PMP\u00ae Certification Exam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Preparing for the PMP\u00ae certification exam is more than reciting formulas. The foundational concepts of cost management and cost control processes need to be known in terms of how the tool is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>defined<\/li><li>abbreviated<\/li><li>shown as a formula<\/li><li>interpreted from calculations<\/li><li>applied to cost activities<\/li><li>applied to schedule activities<\/li><li>used to determine changes<\/li><li>communicated to stakeholders<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Within the testing context, there may not be an \u201cEstimate at Completion PMP\u201d question in which the exact EAC formula for a given situation will be given. A deep understanding of the concept is required to know which EAC formula to use when and if there is enough information to calculate it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sample-eac-questions\">Sample EAC topic PMP\u00ae Certification Exam Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-subtle-pale-blue-background-color has-background\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Question<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>A<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>C<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>D<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>You are a project manager responsible for multiple facilities-based projects with a large telecommunications company. One of your projects has a BAC of $250,000. You have calculated your CPI to be .91 and your AC to be $175,000. Assuming the variances are likely to continue, what is the EAC of the project?<\/td><td>$25,000<\/td><td>$15,750<\/td><td>$265,000<\/td><td>$274,725<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>You are managing a project where AC = $25,100, ETC = $67,000, VAC = -$2,600, BAC = $90,000 and EAC = $92,100. Your sponsor asks you to forecast how much money you expect to spend on the remainder of the project. Your variance is atypical, and your SPI = 1.2. Which of the following numbers should you provide?<\/td><td>$67,000<\/td><td>$87,400<\/td><td>$90,000<\/td><td>$92,100<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Studying for the PMP Exam?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/free-pmp-questions?cat=pmp-formulas\" style=\"border-radius:20px;background-color:#366194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Practice Questions for PMP Formulas<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>D.<\/strong> Since there is only enough information to calculate for the cost variances, the correct equation would be BAC\/CPI, or 250,000 \/ 0.91 = $274,725.<\/li><li><strong>A.<\/strong> Sometimes you don&#8217;t need to do any calculations when you run across a question like this. The question asked you which number to use for a forecast of how much money you expect to spend on the remaining project work. That is the definition of ETC. Since you were given the value of ETC, you will just use that number.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Project managers and teams put much effort into the creation of accurate budgets and schedules. And yet, life happens. Actual costs (AC) frequently deviate from the plan, sometimes knowingly to address approved changes and sometimes unexpectedly for unknown changes. Project managers need to use tools like Estimate at Completion (EAC) and Estimate to Completion (ETC) to predict costs throughout the project work and manage accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>Upcoming PMP Certification Training &#8211; Live &amp; Online Classes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered table-responsive-sm font-md mt-5 mb-0 d-none d-md-table\"><tr><td>Name<\/td><td>Date<\/td><td>Place<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"BlogPosting\",\n  \"mainEntityOfPage\": {\n    \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/resources\/blog\/forecasting-projects-in-progress-with-eac\/\"\n  },\n  \"headline\": \"The EAC Formula: PMP Questions & Insights into Project Budgets\",\n  \"description\": \"EAC, and EAC PMP specifically, is a calculation that incorporates the actual costs of work completed on a project with estimated cost to complete.\",\n  \"image\": \"https:\/\/e360-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/28125433\/Forecasting-Projects-in-Progress-with-EAC.jpg\",  \n  \"author\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"name\": \"Erin Aldrige\"\n  },  \n  \"publisher\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"name\": \"Project Management Academy\",\n    \"logo\": {\n      \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/projectmanagementacademy.net\/images\/icon\/logo_pma.svg\"\n    }\n  },\n  \"datePublished\": \"2021-06-28\",\n  \"dateModified\": \"2021-06-30\"\n}\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Project Management Institute (PMI)\u2019s Project Management Professional (PMP)\u00ae certification exam may include questions about, or be driven by, the Estimate at Completion (EAC) formula. Often referred to informally as \u201cEAC Formula PMP,\u201d in fact the tool is more than just a reference point for PMP\u00ae exam questions. It is a calculation that incorporates actual [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[43],"class_list":["post-1920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pmp-formulas","tag-earned-value-management"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - 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